Craniopharyngiomas are benign tumors that primarily develop near the anterior pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain) or less often, within the third ventricle. Usually, they are very slow-growing and are quite large before they are discovered. Almost all craniopharyngiomas have both solid and fluid-filled cystic components. Despite their benign appearance microscopically, their difficulty in cure makes them malignant in behavior.

Frequency

Symptoms

• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Excessive thirst and urination
• Stunted growth
• Visual disturbances
• Obesity

Who do craniopharyngiomas usually affect?

• About 50% occur in childhood
• Most commonly affect children between the ages of 5 and 10
• A second peak of incidence occurs between the ages of 50 and 60

How is a craniopharyngioma diagnosed?

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computerized tomography (CT)

How is a craniopharyngioma treated?

• Surgery - This is the most common treatment option for a person with a craniopharyngioma as it is often very safe; however, complete tumor removal may not be possible in up to 50% of patients. The surgical procedure, known as a craniotomy, is performed by a neurosurgeon.
• Stereotactic radiosurgery - This procedure uses narrow beams of radiation that are targeted specifically to the craniopharyngioma. This highly focused and destructive dose of radiation is given in a single session. The procedure avoids the use of potentially harmful radiation to surrounding brain structures. Due to potential side effects associated with stereotactic radiosurgery, this treatment option is often deferred in children.
• Hormonal replacement therapy – Since pituitary craniopharyngiomas can lead to hormone imbalances, individuals may require replacement of cortisol, estrogen, testosterone, and/or thyroid hormones. Periodic hormone evaluations and follow-up with an endocrinologist are recommended.

The NeuroTexas Institute utilizes two advanced, specialized neurosurgical operating suites with the latest in image-guided technology. To learn more about the Brain Tumor Program at NeuroTexas Institute, click here.

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